澳大利亚：“重新设定”对华经贸

澳大利亚是东盟最初的对话伙伴，与东盟1974年建立关系，1976年双方签署东盟—澳大利亚贸易合作谅解备忘录。东盟与澳大利亚的贸易关系开始不断升温，到20世纪90年代末，澳大利亚对东盟国家直接投资达到120亿美元，占澳大利亚对外投资总数的7%。2002年9月以来，以东盟为一方，以澳大利亚和新西兰为另一方，建立了东盟自由贸易区(AFTA)与澳大利亚、新西兰比较密切的经济关系(CER)之间的联系，简称AFTA-CER连接关系，这一关系已成为东盟与澳大利亚、新西兰经济交往的平台。2003年，澳大利亚和新西兰最先与新加坡签署自贸协定。2007年8月，东盟10国与澳大利亚在马尼拉共同签署了《东盟—澳大利亚全面伙伴关系联合宣言》，该文件为双方深化合作奠定了基础。2009年2月28日，东盟与澳大利亚、新西兰签署综合自由贸易协议(AANZ-FTA)。2012年，澳大利亚分别与马来西亚和泰国签署自贸协定。2021年10月，澳大利亚和东盟同意建立全面战略伙伴关系。

　　除了与RCEP成员国保持高度的经贸合作，澳大利亚也在不断拓展更广泛的自贸圈。2021年12月16日，澳大利亚和英国正式签署自贸协定，预计在2022年7月1日正式生效。届时两国将通过逐步取消关税等举措，促进商品和人员流动。不过，前述协定的具体经济效益尚待观察。就连英国首相约翰逊也曾于2021年6月表示，协定“在经济上很重要”，但“政治和象征意义更重要”。

　　“重新设定”对华经贸

　　澳大利亚国内对RCEP一直十分重视。有澳大利亚媒体分析指出，RCEP是中澳关系的一条生命线，并认为RCEP有助于澳大利亚“重新设定”和中国的经济关系。

　　尽管在政治层面上有较大分歧，但是双方的经贸合作交流却并未停止。

　　在2021年5月举行首届中国国际消费品博览会上，澳大利亚贸易投资委员会组织了12家澳大利亚企业参展，主要展出高端保健、护肤和时尚文创等产品。2021年10月，“2021年长沙·澳大利亚食品饮料产品展示对接会”在高桥展贸中心举行。约50家湖南企业代表到现场参观了陈列的澳大利亚产品，并与40多家澳方品牌代表进行了合作交流。近200款精选澳大利亚明星产品还同步亮相线上商城。2021年12月7日，为应对新冠肺炎疫情带给外贸行业的冲击和影响，促进中澳纺织服装产业经贸与产能合作，由中国商务部主办的澳大利亚中国纺织服装线上展开幕。140余家中国优质纺织服装企业参展，企业通过产品展示、直播互动和即时通讯等方式开拓数字化营销渠道。2021年12月23日，中国宝武钢铁集团首个“公司日”仪式现场，由宝武资源主导的澳大利亚Hardey铁矿项目取得突破性进展，完成了“云签约”。该项目是“小股权、大商权”资源项目开发模式的成功尝试，对中国宝武铁矿石国际化资源保障战略有重要意义。

　　另据澳媒报道，中国首次超越日本成为澳大利亚最大的液化天然气买家。在截至2021年6月30日的一年中，澳大利亚对中国的液化天然气运输上涨了7.3%至3070万吨。

　　中澳之间高度互补的经济结构为两国的贸易和投资提供了天然动力，但澳方在政经多领域频频发出不协调的声音给双方保持过往良好的经贸伙伴关系平添了许多障碍。中国驻澳大利亚使馆王晰宁公使在澳国家新闻俱乐部发表演讲时曾讲到，尽管存在诸多差异，但是彼此尊重将会把双边关系稳固地锚定在差异的湍流中。“我们不应让冷漠的心灵与黑暗的思想遮蔽两国的伙伴关系，我们不应让狭隘的利益和短浅的看法误导两国的交往，我们不应让过时的观念和有预谋的歪曲影响对彼此和世界的认知，我们不应让空洞的口号和蓄意的标签化框定双边关系的内涵。”诚哉斯言，诚在行动，对澳方能否真正回到互利共赢的自有贸易轨道上来，我们拭目以待。

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Australia is asean's original dialogue partner. It established relations with ASEAN in 1974 and signed the ASEAN-Australia Memorandum of Understanding on Trade cooperation in 1976. The trade relationship between ASEAN and Australia began to warm up. By the end of 1990s, Australia's direct investment in ASEAN countries reached 12 billion DOLLARS, accounting for 7% of Australia's total foreign investment. Since September 2002, with ASEAN as one side and Australia and New Zealand as the other side, the association between ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) and the relatively close economic relationship (CER) between Australia and New Zealand has been established, referred to as AFTA-CER connection relationship, which has become a platform for economic exchanges between ASEAN and Australia and New Zealand. Australia and New Zealand were the first to sign a free trade agreement with Singapore in 2003. In August 2007, the 10 ASEAN countries and Australia jointly signed the Joint Declaration on ASEAN-Australia Comprehensive Partnership in Manila, which laid the foundation for deepening cooperation between the two sides. On February 28, 2009, ASEAN signed the Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (AANZ-FTA) with Australia and New Zealand. In 2012, Australia signed free trade agreements with Malaysia and Thailand. In October 2021, Australia and ASEAN agreed to establish a comprehensive strategic partnership.

In addition to maintaining a high degree of economic and trade cooperation with RCEP member countries, Australia is also expanding the wider free trade circle. On December 16, 2021, Australia and the UK officially signed the FTA, which is expected to come into force on July 1, 2022. The two countries will facilitate the flow of goods and people through measures such as phasing out tariffs. However, the concrete economic benefits of the agreement remain to be seen. Even British Prime Minister Boris Johnson said in June 2021 that a deal was "economically important" but "more politically and symbolically important".

"Reset" trade with China

Australia has always attached great importance to RCEP. Some Australian media have analyzed that the RCEP is a lifeline for China-Australia relations and that it will help Australia "reset" its economic relationship with China.

Although there are big differences on the political level, the economic and trade cooperation and exchanges between the two sides have not stopped.

At the first China International Consumer Goods Expo to be held in May 2021, Australian Trade and Investment organized 12 Australian enterprises to participate in the expo, mainly exhibiting high-end health care, skin care and fashion cultural and creative products. In October 2021, "2021 Changsha Australia Food and Beverage Products Exhibition Matchmaking Meeting" was held in Gaoqiao Exhibition and Trade Center. About 50 representatives from Hunan enterprises visited the display of Australian products and cooperated with more than 40 representatives of Australian brands. Nearly 200 selected Australian star products also appeared simultaneously in the online mall. On 7 December 2021, in order to cope with the impact of COVID-19 on the foreign trade industry and promote the trade, economic and production capacity cooperation between China and Australia in the textile and garment industry, the Australian China Textile and Garment Online event hosted by the Ministry of Commerce of The People's Republic of China was launched. More than 140 high-quality Chinese textile and garment enterprises participated in the exhibition, and explored digital marketing channels through product display, live interactive and instant messaging. On December 23, 2021, at the site of the first "Company Day" ceremony of China Baowu Iron & Steel Group, the Australian Hardey Iron Ore project led by Baowu Resources made a breakthrough and completed the "cloud contract". This project is a successful attempt of the resource project development mode of "small equity, big business right", which is of great significance to the international resource security strategy of China Baowu Iron Ore.

Separately, Australian media reported that China overtook Japan for the first time to become Australia's largest buyer of LIQUEFIED natural gas. Australia's LNG shipments to China rose 7.3 per cent to 30.7 million tonnes in the year to June 30, 2021.

The highly complementary economic structure between China and Australia provides natural impetus for the trade and investment between the two countries. However, the frequent discordant noises made by The Australian side in various political and economic fields have added many obstacles to the maintenance of the good economic and trade partnership between the two sides. In his speech at the National Press Club, Minister Wang Xining of the Chinese Embassy in Australia said that despite differences, mutual respect will anchor bilateral relations firmly in the turbulence of differences. "We should not let the hearts of cold and dark thoughts covered the partnership between the two countries, we should not let the narrow interest and short-term views misled the exchanges between the two countries, we should not let the outdated ideas and deliberate distortion influence each other and cognition of the world, we should not let an empty slogans and deliberate labeled, framed the connotation of bilateral relations." We are still waiting to see if Australia can truly return to the track of mutually beneficial trade.